Western Turkic Khaganate

Western Turkic Khaganate 𐰆𐰣:𐰸:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣 On oq budun (Ten-Arrow People)
581–603 (administrative region of the First Turkic Khaganate) 603–657 (independent empire) 657–742 (vassal of the Tang dynasty)
625 WESTERN TURKIC KHAGANATE EASTERN TURKIC KHAGANATE SASANIAN EMPIRE CHAM- PA Kyrgyzs TOKHARA YABGHUS PUSHYABHUTIS TANG DYNASTY BYZANTINE EMPIRE AVAR KHAGANATE Khitans CHENLA Paleo-Siberians Tungus GOGU- RYEO TUYUHUN TIBETAN EMPIRE ◁ ▷ Greatest extent of the Western Turkic Khaganate c. 625, after the Battle of Bukhara (light brown), and their southern expansion as the Tokhara Yabghus and Turk Shahis (lighter brown)
Status	Khaganate (Nomadic empire)
Capital	Navekat (summer capital) Suyab (principal capital)
Common languages	Sogdian (coinage, official)[1][2] Old Turkic[3][4]
Religion	Tengrism Buddhism Zurvanism[5]
Khagan of the Western Khaganate
• 587–604	Niri Qaghan
Yabgu of the Western Khaganate
• 553–576	Istämi
• 576–603	Tardu
Historical era	Early Middle Ages
Area
630[6]	3,500,000 km2 (1,400,000 sq mi)
Preceded by Succeeded by Hephthalites First Turkic Khaganate Protectorate General to Pacify the West Turgesh Oghuz Yabgu State Khazar Khaganate Kangar union Tokhara Yabghus Second Turkic Khaganate

The Western Turkic Khaganate (Chinese: 西突厥; pinyin: Xī Tūjué) or Onoq Khaganate (Old Turkic: 𐰆𐰣:𐰸:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣, romanized: On oq budun, lit. 'Ten arrow people')^[7][8] was a Turkic khaganate in Eurasia, formed as a result of the wars in the beginning of the 7th century (593–603 CE) after the split of the First Turkic Khaganate (founded in the 6th century on the Mongolian Plateau by the Ashina clan), into a western and an eastern Khaganate.

The whole confederation was called Onoq, meaning "ten arrows". According to a Chinese source, the Western Turks were organized into ten divisions.^[9]

The khaganate's capitals were Navekat (summer capital) and Suyab (principal capital), both situated in the Chui River valley of Kyrgyzstan, to the east of Bishkek. Tong Yabgu's summer capital was near Tashkent and his winter capital Suyab.

The Western Turkic Khaganate was subjugated by the Tang dynasty in 657 and continued as its vassal, until it finally collapsed in 742. To the west, the breakup of the Western Turkic Khaganate led to the rise of the Turkic Khazar Khaganate (c. 650–969).